Intro: Here is a 1-to-1 copy of the article on how to install certbot in Ubuntu 16.04 and Debian Stretch Ubuntu 16.04 HOWTO: Install On Ubuntu systems, the Certbot team maintains a PPA. Once you add it to your list of repositories all you’ll need to do is apt-get the following packages. $ sudo apt-get …
Category: NGinX
Enabling SPDY and Strict-Transport-Security to NginX in Ubuntu 14.04
In Ubuntu 14.04 NginX is been compiled with the SPDY capability. To use it one must enable it inside the server {…} block for each virtual host. eg. server { server_name mprofi.com www.mprofi.com; root /var/www/mprofi.com; index index.php; # # Added to handle HTTP and HTTPS and SPDY listen 80; listen 443 ssl spdy; ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.mysite.com/fullchain.pem; …
Issue free and CA signed SSL certificates for web servers from LetsEncrypt
Introduction: SSL Certificates provide two functions: 1. Authentication 2. Encryption Encryption can be achieved without authentication but, for some reason, someone decided to join them together in one certificate. It seem to make sense for banks and serious e-commerce sites which need to be properly authenticated. Therefore when the HTTPS protocol got developed it was …
Configuring HAproxy load balancer in Ubuntu 14.04
Goal: In this example HTTP requests are proxied directly as HTTP requests to the HTTP web servers. In the case of HTTPS requests, they are handled with the certificates by HAproxy and then proxied to the web servers as HTTP requests. SSLCertificates: The certificates for all virtualhosts being proxied are stored as one PEM format …
Fine tune Ubuntu TCP stack for web server
The following tips taken from the site will help reduce the TCP latency of Ubuntu as a web server : http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-tcp-tuning/
Installing NginX 1.9.2 in Ubuntu server 14.04.2 LTS
Since the version of NginX in Ubuntu Server 14.04.2 is only 1.4.6, we need to tell APT to install the more recent version of nginx directly from the NginX maintainer. Steps: Add the following lines in /etc/apt/sources.lst deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ trusty nginx deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ trusty nginx From your server download the signing key add it to …
TCP Load balancing email/web servers with NginX
I’ve got 2 synchronized email servers running and, in order to make sure I don’t have to change the servername settings of my mail client in case one server goes down, I was looking for a straight TCP layer load balancer. There are a few software packages on the market that can do that , …
Using CURL for sending crafted HTTP POST authenticated queries
CHALLENGE: I came across a situation where I needed to send an HTTP request using the POST method with some POST data but after I have authenticated with name and password. SOLUTION:(using curl tool) The trick here is to preserve the SESSIONID of the authenticated response for the second POST request. EXAMPLE: I needed to …
Monitoring latency time of http requests
Here is a simple but useful command which shows the latency time of http requests. You can adjust the delay between repeats as well as the URL being queried. Reference: http://www.shellhacks.com/en/Check-a-Website-Response-Time-from-the-Linux-Command-Line host=”www.google.de”; delay=5; while true ; do echo -n “Response time for http://$host:” ;curl -s -w %{time_total}\\n -o /dev/null http://$host ;sleep $delay; done Results: Response …
NGINX: [emerg]: getgrnam(“…….”) failed in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:1
As I installed nginx 1.6.x from Debian dotdeb repository, the daemon nginx started automatically using the user ‘www-data‘. As I wanted to change this user in the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf from: user www-data; TO user appuser; NGinX didn’t want to start any more and found the following line in the error logs: [emerg]: getgrnam(“appuser”) failed …